Triangulation is a method followed in surveying to achieve horizontal control. In triangulation system, a number of interconnected triangles is traced and measured to determine the relative positions of the points spread over an area. In this system, the length of only one line is determined, called as the base line and the angles and length are deduced by observation from this baseline.
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Triangulation System in Surveying
As mentioned, as series of interconnected triangles form the survey area. If we know the length of one side and the three angles, the length of other sides of each triangle can be computed.
In this system, the apex of the triangle are called as the triangulation stations, and the whole figure is called as triangulation system or triangulation figure.
The common types of figures that are used in triangulation system are:
- Triangles
- Quadrilaterals
- Polygons
- The sum of the interior angles should be (2n-4) x 90, where the number of sides of the figure is given by 'n'.
- The total sum of the angles joining at a station must be equal to 360 degrees.
- The length of the sides that are calculated through more than one route should match and agree.
Triangles for Triangulation
Triangles for Triangulation |
Quadrilateral for Triangulation
Polygons for Triangulation
Polygons with Central Points |
Where are Triangulation Survey Used?
Triangulation is mainly used for survey of hills and undulating areas. In these areas, triangulation method helps to establish stations at reasonable distances apart. But, this method is not suitable for plane and crowded areas, where intervisibility of stations are affected. In situations, where it is a must, building towers are constructed, but it is costly.
Also Read:
- What is Compass Surveying?
- What is Principle of Surveying?
- What is Chain Surveying?
- Reconnaissance Survey and Index Sketch in Chain Surveying
- What is a Site Plan? What is the Purpose of Site Plan? When is Site Plan Required? What are the Types of Site Plans?
- Linear Measurements in Surveying
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